(Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf – D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u – Ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec0 CHI TI\u00caU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 01. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 1: Khi mua h\u00e0ng, tr\u00e1nh mua h\u00e0ng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u201cthi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n\u201d (projection bias), ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 khi \u0111i ch\u1ee3 cho c\u1ea3 tu\u1ea7n, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua h\u00e0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3i, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd mua v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho tu\u1ea7n t\u1edbi; ho\u1eb7c khi \u0111ang th\u00edch h\u00e1t karaoke, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eafm c\u1ea3 d\u00e0n karaoke v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i sau n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian\/ kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u00e1t karaoke \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra: L\u1ea7n t\u1edbi khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mua, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c mua b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi. (\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp nh\u01b0 Black Friday nh\u00e9!)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 02. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 2: Tr\u00e1nh chi ti\u00eau m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thu\u1ed9c tu\u00fdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c hay tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, hay l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i gym nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u1eafc v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cl\u1ec7ch hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u201d (present bias).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hy sinh nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c \u0111i gym) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf hi\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u2013 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang d\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hay s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay b\u1ecf \u0111i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n khao kh\u00e1t chi ti\u00eau ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 (h\u00e3y th\u1eed ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c \u0111i t\u1eadp kh\u00f3 c\u1ee1 n\u00e0o). N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. B\u1ea1n c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (commitment devices) n\u1eefa.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 03. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 3: \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u201cl\u1ee1 mua r\u1ed3i\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf 2 tri\u1ec7u ra mua v\u00e9 \u0111i liveshow, nh\u01b0ng ngay \u0111\u00eam h\u00f4m tr\u01b0\u1edbc liveshow l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i thi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n \u1edf nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ecf ph\u00ed 2 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua v\u00e9, b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i xem liveshow (l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u00edt mong mu\u1ed1n h\u01a1n) v\u00e0 thi r\u1ea5t t\u1ec7 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n chi ph\u00ed ch\u00ecm\u201d (sunk cost fallacy). T\u1ea5m v\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 mua trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec s\u1ee3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u00edt mong mu\u1ed1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ed7i n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c: c\u1ed1 \u0103n th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 tay \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, \u0111.\u00e2.m theo m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 b\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 \u0111\u00f3ng ti\u1ec1n, ho\u1eb7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra: L\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo b\u1ea1n n\u00ean nh\u1edb: ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 chi, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua, c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean m\u00ecnh h\u00e3y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng v\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 \u1edf ph\u00eda sau.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 04. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 4: Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea chi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh chi qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 chi ti\u00eau b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm r\u00f5 l\u1eafm m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 chi bao nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu khi d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebb ghi n\u1ee3, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o v\u00ed (ho\u1eb7c tra v\u1ea5n s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 ATM) \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n v\u1eeba r\u00fat \u0111\u00e3 v\u01a1i \u0111i bao nhi\u00eau, khi d\u00f9ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 chi kh\u00f4ng \u201chi\u1ec7n ra ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thanh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra: \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea chi ti\u00eau (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n), v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng app, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n n\u00ean chi ti\u00eau b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 05. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 5: Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3ng \u201cph\u00ed l\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3ng\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3ng ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t v\u00ec \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc tr\u1ec5, n\u1ed9p l\u00e3i v\u00ec qu\u00ean tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, ho\u1eb7c khi b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ed1t v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (xem th\u00eam \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng b\u1eadn b\u1ecbu b\u01b0\u01a1n ch\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u00edt c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t cho h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u2013 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebfu t\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra: L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i cho b\u00e0i to\u00e1n tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u201cb\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd h\u01a1n\u201d, m\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc b\u1ea1n n\u00ean nh\u1edb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n, chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea7n thanh to\u00e1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thanh to\u00e1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng stickies hay \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec0 TI\u1ebeT KI\u1ec6M\/ \u0110\u1ea6U T\u01af<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 6: Kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n: Khi v.a.y m\u01b0\u1ee3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t 7%\/n\u0103m, trong khi l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t trong n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 4%. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean 7% m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadt gi\u00e1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n 4%. Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c mua c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n, s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng 7%-4% = 3% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 hay v.a.y m\u01b0\u1ee3n, thay v\u00ec ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn con s\u1ed1 7%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra: M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t danh ngh\u0129a (7%) thay v\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c (3%). Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n cho b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 m\u01b0\u1ee3n ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 5% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t 5% s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n cho m\u01b0\u1ee3n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5y!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 7. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 7: Chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i: kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n X trong tay, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec qu\u00e1 s\u1ee3 r\u1ee7i ro, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea5u ti\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1i. V\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129: \u201cnh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec, m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n g\u00ec c\u1ea3.\u201d Th\u1ef1c ra, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kinh t\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cchi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u201d m\u00e0, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec, chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0, n\u1ebfu sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p 12 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nh\u00e0, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ebfn thu ph\u00ed g\u00ec t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng th\u1ebf: kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh l\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u00eanh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 m\u1ee9c s\u1ee3 r\u1ee7i ro nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u00eanh r\u1ee7i ro (nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu), v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ebd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u00eanh an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n (gi\u1eef ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf qua h\u1eb3n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 8. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 8: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t r\u1ed5\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d4ng b\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u201c\u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t r\u1ed5\u201d, h\u00e0m \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (v\u00ec nh\u1ee1 may r\u1ed5 tr\u1ee9ng r\u01a1i th\u00ec s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ee9ng). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cdiversification\u201d \u2013 hay \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ee5c s\u1ed1 7 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp t\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u1eefa (correlation).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00f3i n\u00f4m na, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o hai c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau kh\u00e1 nguy hi\u1ec3m, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n th\u1ea5p; trong khi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o hai c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 9. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 9: Tr\u00e1nh xa bong b\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bong b\u00f3ng kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m, v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bong b\u00f3ng v\u1ee1, gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u0103ng r\u1ea5t nhanh, t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e3i l\u1edbn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. Bong b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i: th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 gia s\u00fac hay v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u2013 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda hay c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u2013 t\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u1ea7n t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed5ng thu nh\u1eadp 10 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng trong su\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n mua ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi bong b\u00f3ng v\u1ee1 ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng gi\u1eef s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 mua v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 cao, trong khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i bong b\u00f3ng. V\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e0ng \u00edt hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y bong b\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n nhanh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc bong b\u00f3ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ee1 ra khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m n\u00f3 trong tay.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch c\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbt s\u00f3ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a v\u1edbi bong b\u00f3ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n nghi l\u00e0 bong b\u00f3ng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 10. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 10: Tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i \u201c\u0111\u00e2m lao th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i theo lao\u201d trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u201cng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n chi ph\u00ed ch\u00ecm\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ee5c 3, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u0111ang xu\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. V\u00ec s\u1ee3 ch\u1ed1t l\u1ed7, b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u1ea5y d\u00f9 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u1ea3 quan h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay hay s\u1ee3 thua l\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi mang t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201c\u0111\u00e2m lao th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i theo lao\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng. Ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi l\u00fd tr\u00ed, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra: Trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, bi\u1ebft d\u1eebng \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4n ngoan.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngu\u1ed3n: Ch\u00e2u Th\u00e0nh V\u0169 \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed Doanh nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" (Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf – D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u – Ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng) V\u1ec0 CHI TI\u00caU 01. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 1: Khi mua h\u00e0ng, tr\u00e1nh mua h\u00e0ng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u201cthi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n\u201d (projection bias), ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12555,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kynangsong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12554"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12554\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}