{"id":8050,"date":"2021-11-09T14:33:20","date_gmt":"2021-11-09T14:33:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thichblog.net\/?p=8050"},"modified":"2021-11-09T14:33:20","modified_gmt":"2021-11-09T14:33:20","slug":"14-nguyen-tac-co-ban-trong-kiem-thu-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/?p=8050","title":{"rendered":"14 Nguy\u00ean T\u1eafc Trong Ki\u1ec3m Th\u1eed Ph\u1ea7n M\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
    \n
  1. Testing shows the presence of defects, not their absence<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Exhaustive testing is impossible<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Early testing saves time and money<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Defects cluster together<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Beware the Pesticide Paradox<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Testing is context-dependent<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Absence of errors is a fallacy<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Business first<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Bottlenecks out<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Always learn and improve<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Lead about the quality culture<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. The customer is King<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Data trumps intuition<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. Everyone can test<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    1. Testing shows presence of defects, not their absence<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m x\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Tuy v\u1eady ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. Exhaustive testing is impossible<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e9t c\u1ea1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. <\/strong>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. Early testing saves time and money<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. <\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m release m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. L\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 s\u1eeda v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. Defect cluster together<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u1ee5m l\u1ed7i. <\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng hay xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Pareto: c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 80% l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb 20% m\u00f4-\u0111un (model). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. Beware the Pesticide Paradox<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u.<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1eb1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    6. Testing is context dependent<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh. <\/strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho trang th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp cao s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    7. Absence of errors fallacy<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m.<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tung ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh n\u0103ng theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay v\u00ec t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ed7i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    8. Business first <\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u01afu ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    9. Bottlenecks out<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00fang ta t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 T\u01b0 duy tinh g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10. Always learn and improve<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, thay v\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    11. Lead about the quality culture<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00fang ta quan t\u00e2m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u00f3m h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    12. The customer is King<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    13. Data trumps intuition<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    14. Everyone can test<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00fang ta m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u00ed quy\u1ebft trong to\u00e0n nh\u00f3m; hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m (ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf) nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean gia ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eadn t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Happy Testing!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1. Testing shows presence of defects, not their absence Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m x\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Tuy v\u1eady ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8300,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[331,421,601],"class_list":["post-8050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-software-testing","tag-kiem-thu-phan-mem","tag-nguyen-tac-kiem-thu","tag-testing-principle"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8050","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8050"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8050\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vibeshelf.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}